2010年10月22日星期五

以扫妻子名字的问题

经文

《创》二六34: 以扫四十岁的时候,去了赫人比利的女儿犹滴与赫人以伦的女儿巴实抹为妻。

《创》二八8-9: 以扫就晓得他父亲看不中迦南的女子,便往以实玛利那里去,在他二妻之外,又娶了玛哈拉为妻。她是亚伯拉罕儿子以实玛利的女儿,尼拜约的妹子。

到此为止,记载以扫现有两个妻子,后来当雅各离开之后,他再娶了第三个妻子。

《创》三六2-3:以扫娶迦南的女子为妻,就是赫人以伦的女儿亚大和希未人祭便的孙女、亚拿的女儿阿何利巴玛。又娶了以实玛利的女儿、尼拜约的妹子巴实抹。

显而易见的是,同是以实玛利的女儿、尼拜约的妹子,一处被称为玛哈拉,另一处被称为巴实抹;而这个“巴实抹”却又是以伦的女儿。问题如何解答?

答案参考:

  1. 巴实抹的意思

The name Bashemath (correctly Basemath) probably comes from the Semitic word-stem b-s-m, meaning “fragrant” (for example, besem means “balsam” in Hebrew). When you add the Hebrew feminine ending –ath, you get Basemath, “fragrant woman.” The possibility exists that Mahalath (daughter of Ishmael and sister of Nebajoth) and Adah (daughter of Elon the Hittite) were both given the nickname “fragrant” (Douglas 1982: 124). In other words, the Bashemath, daughter of Elon, in Gen. 26:34 is the same as the Adah, daughter of Elon, in Gen. 36:2, while the Bashemath, daughter of Ishmael, in Gen. 36:3 is the same as Mahalath, daughter of Ishmael, in Gen. 28:9.

http://www.rae.org/esauswives.html,search „Essau‘s Wives“)

  1. 阿何利巴玛的复杂性

Aholibamah the daughter of Anah, the daughter of Zibeon the Hivite; the daughter of the one, and the granddaughter of the other, it being usual in Scripture to call grandchildren children, for Zibeon and Anah were father and son, Genesis 36:24; and the Samaritan, Septuagint, and Syriac versions read here, "the daughter of Anah the son of Zibeon": there are an Anah and a Zibeon who were brethren, Genesis 36:20; wherefore Aben Ezra supposes that these two brothers, or the father and son, lay with the same woman, and it could not be known whose child it was that was born of her, and therefore this was called the daughter of them both. Jarchi supposes this wife of Esau to be the same with Judith, Genesis 26:34; but not only the names differ, but also the names of their fathers, and of the tribe or nation they were of.

http://bible.cc/genesis/36-2.htm, search „Essau‘s Wives“)

所记载阿何利巴玛到底算是“祭便”的孙女、“亚拿”的女儿,还是“祭便和亚拿”的女儿,就非常吊诡:因为在《创》36:20这二人算是并列被称为“西珥”的子孙,但是24节却称亚拿是祭便的儿子。

  1. 到底以扫有多少个妻子

3.1 有一说是三个,根据是36:2说以扫娶迦南女子为妻,这个和这个,然后再娶谁谁,前后一致,这个说法必须承认,亚大有另一个名字“巴实抹”,根据“1”是“芳香女人”的意思,可以理解为一个称号、昵称,随丈夫的意思给自己的妻子;同时,26章的“巴实抹”同36章的“亚大”都和赫人以伦有关。

而后来以扫娶了以实玛利的女儿、尼拜约的妹子“玛哈拉”之后,就把“巴实抹”的称号(昵称)给了“玛哈拉”,所以“玛哈拉”(28章)后来又被称为“巴实抹”,而亚大则恢复原来的名字“亚大”。

这个解释OK。

3.2 另一个说法是四个(参考“2”的网页),犹滴是第一个,而且是“赫人”比利的女儿,不知道什么时候死了,所以在36章的时候,同样是赫人,以伦的女儿,从前有昵称“巴实抹”的,实际称作亚大的荣升为第一夫人,所以在36章在以扫的妻子中排名变成首位了,而以前的犹滴则不见了(死了?休了?)。

如此,以实玛利的女儿、尼拜约的妹子“玛哈拉”荣升第二位,也继承“巴实抹”的昵称。

至于关系紊乱的祭便和亚拿的女儿“阿何利巴玛”则是第四个妻子,虽然在36章排名第二,但是却是“阿四”,实际上她也是“希未人”,和“赫人”不一样。

总结:其实上这个问题一点都不重要,搜索上面关键字的时候,有找到犹太人的典籍,加入各种传说,如以扫娶了以实玛利的女儿是阴谋夺取以撒和雅各的产业的说法。我们可以把重点放在从以扫的婚姻来看基督徒的婚姻上,这是另外一个话题。


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